The Impact of Oral Health Measures on the Oral Health Condition and Oral Health Related Quality of Life Among Children with Type One Diabetes Mellitus (Case-control study)

Volume 11 , Issue 2 , August 2024 , Pages 27-39

Authors

Rehab H. Hammeade 1 ; Aras M. Rauf 1

1 Department of Pedodontics and Community Oral Health, College of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq.

DOI logo 10.17656/sdj.10190

Keywords

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the oral health preventive program and vitamin C administration on oral health and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among children with type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.
Methods: A total of 88 diabetic children, aged 8–12 years, attending the pediatric endocrine center of Dr. Jamal Ahmed Rashid Pediatric Hospital in Sulaimani City, were enrolled and randomly assigned into 3 groups: study group 1 (n = 29), with supervised tooth brushing and mouthwash used for oral health care, study group 2 (n = 30), with vitamin C supplement added to the regime, and group 3, a control (n = 29). The oral health condition was recorded and assessed using the simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S), both primary and permanent caries indices (DMFT/dmft), and gingival index (GI). Children's OHRQoL was measured using a validated structured questionnaire. All scores were recorded at the baseline, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months’ duration, while the questionnaire was distributed twice, before and after the implementation of the preventive program.
Results: The OHI-S scores significantly decreased in the 1st and 2nd intervention groups (p = 0.002) and (p < 0.001), respectively, while there were no significant differences in the control group at the end of the study. The GI parameters showed significant differences in all groups (p = 0.001) with the progression of the study. DMFT scores showed a significant increase for the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd groups. On the other hand, dmft scores showed a significant decrease in all study groups. All groups showed a significant increase in the
COHIP-SF 19 scores (p<0.001) for each group at the last visit.
Conclusions: The oral health intervention protocol used in the present study showed a significant improvement in the oral health status and a significant impact on OHRQoL.

References

  1. Robert AA, Al-Dawish A, Mujammami M, Dawish MAA. Type 1 diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia: a soaring epidemic. Int J Pediatr. 2018:2018:9408370.
  2. Pecoraro L. Martini L, Antoniazzi F, Piacentini G. Pietrobelli A. Vitamin C: should daily administration keep the paediatrician away? Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2019:70 (4):513-7.
  3. Omori K, Hanayama Y, Naruishi K, Akiyama K. Maeda H, Otsuka F, et al. Gingival overgrowth caused by vitamin C deficiency associated with metabolic syndrome and severe periodontal infection: a case report. Clin Case Rep. 2014;2 (6):286-95.
  4. Touyz L. Oral scurvy and periodontal disease. J Can Dent Assoc. 1997:63 (11):837-45.
  5. Hoffman RP, Dye AS, Bauer JA. Ascorbic acid blocks hyperglycemic impairment of endothelial function in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes. 2012;13 (8):607-10.
  6. Singh V, Gauba K, Goyal A, Dayal D, Verma S, Prasad G. Effect of an oral health preventive protocol on salivary parameters and gingival health of children with type 1 diabetes. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2021;14 (1):109-14.
  7. Haikal S, El Shehaby F, Mahmoud S. Effect of oral health educational program on awareness and oral health status of children with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus: a randomized clinical trial. Egypt Dent J. 2021;67 (3):1787-95.
  8. Oyapero A, Adeniyi AA, Sofola O, Ogbera AO. Impact of oral health education and oral prophylaxis on quality of life of controlled diabetic patients in Lasuth. J Oral Hyg Health. 2015:3: 181.
  9. Al Halabi M. Current guidelines for the use of fluoride in pediatric dentistry, a review. Appl Clin Res Clin Trials Regul Aff. 2014;1 (3):135-44.
  10. Mahmoud S, El Tawil S. Evaluation of gingival bleeding among a group of children after using neem extract mouthwash versus chlorhexidine mouthwash: a randomized clinical trial. Egypt Dent J. 2022:68 (1):13-20.
  11. Mann D, Jun. 01 MU, 2022. This Is the best time of day to take vitamin c. reader's digest. 2019.
  12. Greene JG, Vermillion JR. The simplified oral hygiene index. J Am Dent Assoc. 1964;68 (1):7-13.
  13. World Health Organization. Oral health surveys: basic methods. World Health Organization; 2013.
  14. Löe H, Silness J. Periodontal disease in pregnancy I. Prevalence and severity. Acta Odontol Scand. 1963:21 (6):533-51.
  15. Petersen PE, Ogawa H. The global burden of periodontal disease: towards integration with chronic disease prevention and control. Periodontol 2000. 2012;60 (1):15-39.
  16. Petersen PE, Kwan S. Evaluation of community-based oral health promotion and oral disease prevention-WHO recommendations for improved evidence in public health practice. Community Dent Health. 2004;21 (4):319-29.
  17. Esfahanizadeh N. Dental health education programme for 6-year-olds: a cluster randomised controlled trial. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2011:12 (3):167.
  18. Sharma R, Hebbal M, Ankola AV, Murugaboopathy V, Shetty SJ. Effect of two herbal mouthwashes on gingival health of school children. J Tradit Complement Med. 2014;4 (4):272-8.
  19. Angelopoulou MV, Kavvadia K, Taoufik K, Oulis CJ. Comparative clinical study testing the effectiveness of school based oral health education using experiential learning or traditional lecturing in 10 year-old children. BMC Oral Health. 2015:15 (1):51.
  20. Kapadia H, Butler M. Evaluation of a curriculum for dental health in 3rd grade school children in Mumbai, India. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 1999;17 (2):65-8.
  21. Narang S, Khinda VIS, Brar GS, Kallar S. Oral health status and treatment needs among 6, 9 and 12 years old rural and Urban school children in India: An epidemiological survey. J Adv Oral Res. 2016:7 (2):27-31.
  22. Varela-López A, Navarro-Hortal MD, Giampieri F, Bullón P, Battino M, Quiles JL. Nutraceuticals in periodontal health: a systematic review on the role of vitamins in periodontal health maintenance. Molecules. 2018;23 (5):1226.
  23. Achmad H, Singgih MF, Andries S, Ramadhany S, Handayani H. Analysis of ascorbic acid in gingival handling of children's mouth cavity. Indian J Public Health Res Dev. 2019;10 (5):610.
  24. Kakade A, Raut MS, Santosh A, Nagar S, Bansal S, Desai RS. Gingival enlargement caused by vitamin c deficiency (scurvy) in a boy. J Dent Child. 2018:85 (1):40-2.
  25. Syed S, Yassin SM, Dawasaz AA, Amanullah M, Alshahrani I, Togoo RA. Salivary 1,5-anhydroglucitol and vitamin levels in relation to caries risk in children. BioMed Res Int. 2019:2019:e4503450.
  26. Chandrashekar BR, Suma S, Sukhabogi JR, Manjunath BC, Kallury A. Oral health promotion among rural school children through teachers: an interventional study. Indian J Public Health. 2014:58 (4):235.
  27. Könönen E, Gursoy M, Gursoy UK. Periodontitis: a multifaceted disease of tooth-supporting tissues. J Clin Med. 2019:8 (8):1135.
  28. Singh V, Gauba K, Goyal A, Dayal D, Verma S, Prasad G. Effect of an oral health preventive protocol on salivary parameters and gingival health of children with type 1 diabetes. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2021;14 (1):109-14.
  29. Saeed KO, Rauf AM. Parents' behavior as an indicator for children's oral health. Sulaimani Dent J. 2022:9 (2):1-10.
  30. Naidu J, Nandlal B. Evaluation of the effectiveness of a primary preventive dental health education programme implemented through school teachers for primary school children in mysore city. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2017;7 (2):82-9.
  31. Moore PA, Orchard T, Guggenheimer J, Weyant RJ. Diabetes and oral health promotion: a survey of disease prevention behaviors. J Am Dent Assoc. 2000;131 (9):1333-41.
  32. Noueiri B, Nassif N, Ollek A. Impact of general and oral complications of diabetes mellitus type I on Lebanese children's quality of life. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishing (P) Ltd. 2018;11 (1):40.
  33. Chalmers N, Grover J, Compton R. After Medicaid expansion in Kentucky, use of hospital emergency departments for dental conditions increased. Health Aff (Millwood). 2016;35 (12):2268-76.
  34. Tai B, Jiang H, Du M, Peng B. Assessing the effectiveness of a school-based oral health promotion programme in Yichang City, China. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2009;37 (5):391-8.
  35. Muhammed PK, Noori AJ. The effect of an audiovisual distraction method on 6-10-years old children's behavior during dental treatment: a clinical trial. Sulaimani Dent J. 2022;9 (2):47-52.
  36. Jain A, Tangade P, Singh V, Yadav P, Yadav J. Comparative evaluation of audio-visual and verbal education method on OHRQoL, dental anxiety, dental neglect of diabetes mellitus patients attending a teaching hospital in India. Indian J Dent Res. 2021;32 (3):354.
  37. Elheeny AAH. Oral health status and impact on the oral health-related quality of life of Egyptian children and early adolescents with type-1 diabetes: a case-control study. Clin Oral Investig. 2020;24 (11):4033-42.
  38. Pakpour AH, Yekaninejad MS, Sniehotta FF, Updegraff JA, Dombrowski SU. The effectiveness of gain-versus loss-framed health messages in improving oral health in Iranian secondary schools: a cluster-randomized controlled trial. Ann Behav Med. Oxford University Press; 2014;47 (3):376-87.
  39. Freeman R, Gibson B, Humphris G, Leonard H, Yuan S, Whelton H. School-based health education programmes, health-learning capacity and child oral health-related quality of life. Health Educ J. SAGE Publications Sage UK: London, England: 2016;75 (6):698-711.
  40. Alsumait A, ElSalhy M, Behzadi S, Raine KD, Gokiert R, Cor K, et al. Impact evaluation of a school-based oral health program: Kuwait National Program. BMC Oral Health. 2019;19 (1):202.
Statistics
  • Article view814
  • Downloads4
  • Published at1 August 2024

  • RIS
  • BibTeX
  • EndNote
  • Mendeley
  • APA (7th edition)
  • MLA (9th edition)
  • Chicago
  • Harvard
  • IEEE
  • Vancouver