The Oral Health Knowledge and Status among a Group of Medical Institute Students in Sulaimani City/Iraq

Volume 11 , Issue 3 , December 2024 , Pages 20-27

Authors

Shokhan H. Azeez 1

1 Dental Nursing Department, Sulaimani Technical Institute, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaimani, Iraq.

DOI logo 10.17656/sdj.10195

Keywords

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to assess oral health knowledge, practices, and periodontal parameters among medical institute students in Sulaimani City, Iraq.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with the help of a self-administered questionnaire and clinical examination of periodontal parameters (plaque index (PI), Bleeding Index (BI) and Clinical Attachment Level (CAL)) among (200) medical institute students at Sulaimani City/Iraq. The questionnaire inquired about demographic details of students, which included students’ age and gender, and assessed the students’ knowledge about their oral health care, while the second part was based on oral health practices, with clinical examination conducted for each student by a periodontics specialist. Data obtained were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 (IBM Corporation).

Results: The results showed that PI and BI with irregular brushing (1.2 (1.18), 12 (17.75), and 27.5 %), respectively, were more prevalent among male students than females, while all students more adopted the combined brushing technique (65.5%).

Conclusions: Male students are less aware of their oral hygiene behavior and practice. Oral hygiene awareness programs to help and educate students on the need to adopt the correct techniques for tooth brushing and flossing are required to promote effective dental plaque control in an effort to maintain proper dental hygiene and avoid periodontal diseases.

References

  1. Weber H. Dentistry in the 21st century. A German view. In: Simones RJ (ed). Dentistry in the 21st century. A global perspective. Quintessence Pub Co. Inc. Chicago. 1991:Pp:191-198.
  2. Tonetti MS, Jepsen S. Jin L and Otomo-Corge J. Impact of the global burden of periodontal diseases on health, nutrition and wellbeing of mankind: A call for global action. J Clin Periodontol. 2017;44 (5):456-62.
  3. Peres MA, Macpherson LMD, Weyant RJ, Daly B. Venturelli R, Mathur MR, et al. Oral diseases: A global public health challenge. Lancet. 2019:394 (10194):249-60.
  4. Selvaraj S, Naing NN, Wan-Arfah N. Effect of periodontal health in marital life. Res J Pharm Technol. 2021;14 (8):4463-65.
  5. Javali S. Multivariate statistical modeling of the factors affecting oral health disease-a periodontal disease. Rev Rom Stat. 2011;1 (1):66-84.
  6. Martu S, Solomon S, Potarnichie O, Pasarin L. Martu A, Nicolaiciuc O and Ursarescu I. Evaluation of the prevalence of the periodontal disease versus systemic and local risk Factors. Int J Med. Dentistry. 2013;17 (3): 212-18.
  7. Vagdouti T and Tsilingaridis G. Periodontal diseases in children and adolescents affected by systemic disorders a literature review. Int J Oral Dent Health. 2018;4 (1):1-10.
  8. Grewal N, Kaur M. Status of oral health awareness in Indian children as compared to western children: a thought provoking situation (a pilot study). J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Den. 2007;25 (1):15-19.
  9. Ahamed S, Moyin S, Punathil S. Patil NA, Kale VT. Pawar G. Evaluation of the oral health knowledge, attitude and behavior of the preclinical and clinical dental students. J Int Oral Health. 2015;7 (6):65.
  10. Kumar G, Jalaluddin M. Dhirendra Kumar Singh. Toothbrush and brushing technique. J Adv Med Med Res. 2013;2 (1):65-76.
  11. Mehta D S. Kishore A, Sharma K S, Agrawal N, Singh M, et al. Toothbrushes and tooth brushing methods: A periodontal review. J Clin Stud Med Case Rep. 2022;9 (1):0129.
  12. Ju LY, Weng SC, Chung YJ, Yang SH, Huang YH, Huang LG, Chin CS, Hoogland AI, Chang PH. Effects of the bass brushing method on dental plaque and pneumonia in older adults hospitalized with pneumonia after discharge: A randomized controlled trial. Appl Nurs Res. 2019;1 (46):1-7.
  13. Balcoş C, Dănilă I, Săveanu Cl. Comparative study on the periodontal health status trough plaque and gingival index. Societatii De Medici Si Naturalisti. 2010;114 (4):1184-7.
  14. Arai T, Kinoshita S. A comparison of plaque removal by different toothbrushes and tooth brushing methods. Bull Tokyo Med Dent Univ. 1977:24 (2):177-88.
  15. Baruah K. Thumpala VK, Khetani P, Baruah Q. Tiwari RV, Dixit H. A review on toothbrushes and tooth brushing methods. Int J Pharm Sci Invent. 2017;6 (5):29-38.
  16. Asadoorian J. Toothbrushing. CDHA position paper on tooth brushing. CJDH. 2006;40 (5):232-48.
  17. Silness J, Löe H. Periodontal Disease in Pregnancy II. Correlation between oral hygiene and periodontal condition. Acta Odontol Scand. 1964:22:121-35.
  18. Muhlemann H R. Son S. Gingival sulcus bleeding, a leading symptom in initial gingivitis. Helv Odontol Acta. 1971:15 (2):107-13.
  19. Bostrom L. Bergstrom J, Dahlen G, Linder LE. Smoking and subgingival microflora in periodontal disease. J Clin periodontal. 2001:28:(1) 212-19.
  20. David W, David S, David L, Andrew JE. Text book of general and oral surgery. 1ª ed. Churchill Livingstone. Philadelphia. 2003:PP:141.
  21. Aranza D, Nota A, Galić T, Kozina S, Tecco S, Poklepović Peričić T, Milavić B. Development and initial validation of the oral health activities questionnaire. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19 (9):5556.
  22. Hung M, Moffat R, Gill G, Lauren E, Ruiz-Negrón B. Rosales M.N, Richey J. Licari F.W. Oral health as a gateway to overall health and well-being: Surveillance of the geriatric population in the United States. Spec Care Dentist. 2019:39 (4):354-61.
  23. Twetman S, Axelsson S. Dahlgren H. Holm A-K, Källestål C, Lagerlöf F, et al. Caries-preventive effect of fluoride toothpaste: A systematic review. Acta Odontol Scand. 2004;61 (1):347-55.
  24. Zheng S, Zhao L. Ju N, Hua T, Zhang S, Liao S. Relationship between oral health-related knowledge, attitudes, practice, self-rated oral health and oral health-related quality of life among Chinese college students: A structural equation modeling approach. BMC Oral Health. 2021; 21 (1):99.
  25. Chisnoiu R.M, Delean A.G, Muntean A, Rotaru D.I, Chisnoiu A.M, Cimpean, S.I. Oral health-related knowledge, attitude and practice among patients in rural areas around Cluj-Napoca, Romania. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2022;19 (1):6887.
  26. Noori A J. Oral health behaviours, knowledge and attitudes among dental college students in Sulaimani city, Iraq. Sulaimani Dent. J. 2021; 8 (1):8-16.
  27. Lipsky M.S, Su S. Crespo C.J. Hung M. Men and oral health: A review of sex and gender differences. Am. J. Mens Health. 2021; 15 (3):15579883211016361.
  28. Dsouza H, Rajguru JP, Gupta S. Mouneshkumar CD, Choudhury BK, Karishma. Comparison of oral health-related quality of life and its association with the periodontal status among the adults: A questionnaire-based study. Ann Afr Med. 2023;22 (2):224-28.
  29. Elani. HW, Kawachi 1, Sommers BD. Dental outcomes after medicaid insurance coverage expansion under the affordable care act. JAMA Netw Open. 2021; 4 (9):e2124144.
  30. Almas K, Al-Hawish A. Al-Khamis W. Oral hygiene practices, smoking habit, and self-perceived oral malodor among dental students. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2003;4 (4):77-90.
  31. Mumtaz R. Khan A. A comparative evaluation of oral health knowledge, attitudes and practices of dental and pharmacy students of Riphah international university. Pak Oral Dent J. 2009; 29 (1):131-6.
  32. Worthington HV, MacDonald L. Poklepovic Pericic T. Sambunjak D, Johnson TM, Imai P. Clarkson JE. Home use of interdental cleaning devices, in addition to toothbrushing, for preventing and controlling periodontal diseases and dental caries. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019:10 (4):12018.
  33. Agrawal A. Sawhney A. Panda S, et al. Comparison of the efficacy of different oral hygiene aids in maintaining periodontal health in patients with gingivitis. Cureus. 2023;15 (8):e44391.
  34. Bosma M L. McGuire J A. Sunkara A, Sullivan P, Yoder A, Milleman J. Milleman K. Efficacy of flossing and mouth rinsing regimens on plaque and gingivitis: A randomized clinical trial. J Dent Hyg. 2022;96 (3):8-20.
  35. Karem B, Ali B, Alwan A, Badeia R. Self-reported oral health attitudes and behaviors and gingival status of dental students. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent. 2020;12 (6):225-32.
  36. Shukri K J. Zardawi F M. Effect of smoking on periodontal status and salivary biomarkers procalcitonin, C Reactive protein and matrixmetalloproteinase-8. Sulaimani Dent. J. 2023:10 (1):1-10.
  37. Rösing CK, Gomes S C, Carvajal P. Gómez M, Costa R, Toledo A, et al. Impact of smoking on gingival inflammation in representative samples of three South American cities. Braz Oral Res. 2019; 33:e090.
  38. Zhang Y, He J, He B, Huang R. Li M. Effect of tobacco on periodontal disease and oral cancer. Tob Induc Dis. 2019; 17 (5):40.
  39. Ibrahim RE, Helaly MO, Ahmed EM. Assessment of brushing techniques in school children and its association with dental caries, Omdurman. Int J Dent. 2021:2021:4383418.
Statistics
  • Article view1039
  • Downloads6
  • Published at1 December 2024

  • RIS
  • BibTeX
  • EndNote
  • Mendeley
  • APA (7th edition)
  • MLA (9th edition)
  • Chicago
  • Harvard
  • IEEE
  • Vancouver