Immunohistochemical Expression of PTCH1 and Laminin in Oral Hyperplastic, Premalignant, Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Recurrence Lesions Samples

Volume 6 , Issue 1 , June 2019 , Pages 1-12

Authors

Kanar A. Hamaamin 1 ; Falah A. Hussein 1 ; Dena N. Mohammad 2

1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq.

2 Department of Oral Diagnosis, College of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq.

DOI logo 10.17656/sdj.10084

Keywords

Abstract

Objective: Laminin is a basal membrane glycoprotein that showed progressive loss of continuity from dysplasia to invasive carcinoma.
The membranous receptor Patched (PTCH1) promotes the nuclear translocation and activation of the Gli family proteins. The
dysregulation of hedgehog signaling reported in various cancers. This study aims to assess the immunohistochemical expression of
PTCH1 and laminin in different groups of lesions of oral hyperplastic, premalignant, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and
recurrence cases.
Methods: This study involved 35 paraffin blocks of 4 oral hyperplastic, 11 premalignant, 15 OSCC and five recurrences OSCC cases
collected from Sulaimani Histopathological Centers. Prepared tissue sections were stained immunohistochemically for both PTCH1
and laminin antibodies and scored. Chi-square correlations used and the p 0.05 considered as statistically significant.
Results: PTCH1 showed expression in all oral hyperplastic lesions. While 81.8% of oral premalignant lesions demonstrated basal and
parabasal distribution with high mixed localization (72.7%), lastly 93.3% of OSCC showed positive expression and mainly found
within score 2(46.6%). No significant relations detected between oral hyperplastic and premalignant lesions regarding the expression
pattern, localization and intensity as p-values were 0.77, 0.09 and 0.38 respectively. Lastly, the relations between OSCC and recurrent
cases to both the expression and localization parameters were non-significant, as p-values were 0.15 and 0.09, respectively. Laminin
showed continuous expression at the basement membrane of the normal oral mucosa, while only (50%) of the cases revealed such
expression in oral hyperplastic lesions. The oral premalignant lesions expressed 54.5% of a discontinuous pattern. The relation between
the oral hyperplastic and premalignant lesions in response to laminin expression was non-significant (P=.21). A significant relation
found in laminin expression between OSCC and recurrence samples (p= 0.02). Finally, a significant correlation found between PTCH1
localization and laminin expression in oral premalignant lesions (p = 0.03).
Conclusions: The PTCH1 overexpression in all of the studied groups of lesions might give an impression of the active role of this
biomarker in the progression toward malignancy. Laminin defragmentation, which started from dysplastic lesions extending to OSCC,
could emphasize the role of this marker from the early precancerous stage. Furthermore, the combined PTCH1 mixed localization with
discontinuous laminin expression might have a significant role in the progression of dysplastic lesions toward cancers.

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