Association of Salivary JAK1 and Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor with Dental Caries and Periodontal Status in Different Stages of Type II Diabetes Mellitus: A comparative cross-sectional study

Volume 13 ,Issue 2 ,August 2026 ,Pages 44-54

Authors

Roza A. Saeed 1 ; Fadil A. Kareem 1

1 Pedodontics and Community Oral Health Department, College of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq.

DOI logo 10.17656/sdj.10226

Keywords

Abstract

Objective: This research was formulated to investigate the relationship between salivary biomarkers which include Janus Kinase 1 (JAK1) and Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor (SLPI), and glycemic status in individuals with normal, prediabetic, controlled diabetic and uncontrolled diabetic conditions, and to assess their potential role in oral health.

Methods: Unstimulated saliva was obtained from 80 individuals aged 30-60 years who participated in this study: 20 healthy individuals and 60 with type II diabetes mellitus. Participants were assigned into four groups (20 in each group) according to their HbA1c level: normal, prediabetic, controlled diabetic and uncontrolled diabetic. Salivary pH was measured using Merck pH paper. All saliva samples were stored at -80 ℃, and salivary JAK1 and SLPI levels were measured using ELISA. Each participant was examined at the time of sample collection for dental caries and periodontal health using the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index and clinical attachment loss (CAL), respectively.

Results: Salivary JAK1 and SLPI showed no significant differences among the groups (p = 0.423 and p = 0.940, respectively). In contrast, DMFT scores (p = 0.031) and CAL (p = 0.006) were significantly higher in the diabetic groups than in controls. HbA1c was positively correlated with CAL (r = 0.420, p < 0.001) and DMFT (r = 0.248, p = 0.027). Regression analysis revealed that age and HbA1c were significant predictors of periodontal status, while salivary biomarkers were not associated with clinical outcomes.

Conclusions: Poor glycemic control was associated with increased periodontal attachment loss and higher caries experience, while salivary JAK1 and SLPI showed no significant diagnostic value. Age and HbA1c emerged as key predictors of oral health outcomes in diabetic patients.

پوختە

ئامانجەکان: ئەم توێژینەوەیە بۆ هەڵسەنگاندنی پەیوەندی نێوان بایۆمارکەرەکانی لیکی (JAK1 و SLPI) و دۆخی گلایسیمیک لە کەسانی تووشبوو بە بارودۆخی ئاسایی، پێش شەکرە، شەکرەی کۆنترۆڵکراو و شەکرەی کۆنترۆڵنەکراو، و هەڵسەنگاندنی ڕۆڵی ئەگەری ئەوان لە تەندروستی دەم و ددان داڕێژراوە.

کەرەستە و شێوازەکان: لیکی هاننەدراو لە ٨٠ کەس وەرگیرا کە بەشدارییان لەم توێژینەوەیەدا کردبوو، ٢٠ کەسی تەندروست و ٦٠ کەسی تووشبوو بە جۆری دووەمی شەکرە، ئەو کەسانەی کە بەپێی ئاستی HbA1cیان بۆ چوار گروپ (٢٠ لە هەر گروپێک) دابەشکرابوون بۆ ئاسایی، پێش شەکرە، نەخۆشی شەکرەی کۆنترۆڵکراو و نەخۆشی شەکرەی کۆنترۆڵنەکراو. pH ی لیکی بە بەکارهێنانی کاغەزی pH ی مێرک پێوانە کراوە. هەموو ئەو نمونانەی کە لە پلەی گەرمی -80 پلەی سەدی هەڵگیراون و JAK1 و SLPIی لیکی بە بەکارهێنانی ELISA پێوانە کران. هەر بەشداربوویەک پشکنینی بۆ کرا بۆ پووکانەوەی ددان و تەندروستی دەوری ددان بە بەکارهێنانی ئیندێکسی DMFT و لەدەستدانی وابەستەیی کلینیکی بە ڕێککەوت.

ئەنجامەکان: JAK1 و SLPIی لیکی هیچ جیاوازییەکی بەرچاویان لە نێوان گروپەکاندا نیشان نەدا (p = 0.423 و p = 0.940، بە ڕێککەوت). لە بەرامبەردا، نمرەکانی DMFT (p = 0.031) و CAL (p = 0.006) لە گروپەکانی نەخۆشی شەکرەدا بە بەراورد لەگەڵ کۆنتڕۆڵەکاندا بە شێوەیەکی بەرچاو بەرزتر بوون. HbA1c پەیوەندی ئەرێنی لەگەڵ CAL (r = 0.420، p < 0.001) و DMFT (r = 0.248، p = 0.027) هەبوو. شیکاری پاشەکشە تەمەن و HbA1c وەک پێشبینیکەری بەرچاوی دۆخی دەوری ددان ئاشکرا کرد، لە کاتێکدا بایۆمارکەرەکانی لیکی پەیوەندییان بە دەرەنجامە کلینیکییەکانەوە نەبوو.

دەرەنجام: کۆنترۆڵی خراپی گلایسیمیک پەیوەندی هەبوو بە زیادبوونی لەدەستدانی لکاندنی دەوری ددان و ئەزموونی بەرزی پووکانەوەی ددان، لە کاتێکدا JAK1 و SLPIی لیکی هیچ بەهایەکی دیاریکردنی بەرچاویان نیشان نەدا. تەمەن و HbA1c وەک پێشبینیکەری سەرەکی دەرئەنجامەکانی تەندروستی دەم و ددان لە نەخۆشانی شەکرەدا دەرکەوتن.

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